This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind.

What a program means

A subject the papers are about. The loosest grouping, and the one to reach for last.

Giving a program a meaning that is not whatever the implementation does. Collects the semantic traditions that each translate a program into something already understood -- a function, a logic, an abstract machine, an algebra, a type. What they disagree about is which of those may be assumed, and that disagreement is the set's subject.

29 references

Mechanised operational semantics of Rowhammer
Martin Berger and others (2026)
An Introduction to String Diagrams for Computer Scientists
Robin Piedeleu and others (2023) · arXiv
A Complete Equational Theory for Quantum Circuits
Alexandre Clément and others (2022)
Propositions as types
Philip Wadler (2015) · Communications of the ACM
Programming in the λ-Calculus: From Church to Scott and back
Jan Martin Jansen (2013) · The Beauty of Functional Code · Springer
Geometry of Synthesis IV: Compiling Affine Recursion into Static Hardware
Dan R. Ghica and others (2011) · Proceedings of the 16th ACM SIGPLAN International Conference on Functional Programming (ICFP '11) · Association for Computing Machinery
A structural approach to operational semantics
Gordon D. Plotkin (2004) · The Journal of Logic and Algebraic Programming · Elsevier
A Taxonomy of Reactive Systems
Adriaan de Groot and others (2002) · University of Nijmegen
Types and Programming Languages
Benjamin C. Pierce (2002) · MIT Press
Fundamental Concepts in Programming Languages
Christopher Strachey (2000) · Higher-Order and Symbolic Computation · Springer
A behavioral notion of subtyping
Barbara H. Liskov and others (1994) · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems · Association for Computing Machinery
A denotational approach for type-checking in object-oriented programming languages
Roberto Ierusalimschy (1993) · Computer Languages · Elsevier
A History of CLU
Barbara Liskov (1993) · MIT Laboratory for Computer Science
The formal semantics of programming languages: an introduction
Glynn Winskel (1993) · MIT Press
Notions of computation and monads
Eugenio Moggi (1991) · Information and Computation · Elsevier
Referential transparency, definiteness and unfoldability
Harald Søndergaard and others (1990) · Acta Informatica · Springer
A Categorical Programming Language
Tatsuya Hagino (1987) · University of Edinburgh
On understanding types, data abstraction, and polymorphism
Luca Cardelli and others (1985) · ACM Computing Surveys · Association for Computing Machinery
Types, Abstraction and Parametric Polymorphism
John C. Reynolds (1983) · Information Processing 83 · North-Holland
Principal type-schemes for functional programs
Luis Damas and others (1982) · Proceedings of the 9th ACM SIGPLAN-SIGACT Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages · Association for Computing Machinery
Can programming be liberated from the von Neumann style? A functional style and its algebra of programs
John Backus (1978) · Communications of the ACM · Association for Computing Machinery
A theory of type polymorphism in programming
Robin Milner (1978) · Journal of Computer and System Sciences · Elsevier
Towards a theory of type structure
John C. Reynolds (1974) · Programming Symposium · Springer
Types are not sets
James H. Morris (1973) · 1st ACM SIGACT-SIGPLAN Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages (POPL) · Association for Computing Machinery
Proof of a Program: FIND
C. A. R. Hoare (1971) · Communications of the ACM · Association for Computing Machinery
Toward a Mathematical Semantics for Computer Languages
Dana Scott and others (1971) · Proceedings of the Symposium on Computers and Automata · Polytechnic Press
The next 700 programming languages
P. J. Landin (1966) · Communications of the ACM · Association for Computing Machinery
The Mechanical Evaluation of Expressions
P. J. Landin (1964) · The Computer Journal · Oxford University Press
Recursive Functions of Symbolic Expressions and Their Computation by Machine, Part I
John McCarthy (1960) · Communications of the ACM · Association for Computing Machinery