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Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than for simple stimuli
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Abstract
Visual working memory is the cognitive system that holds visual information active to make it resistant to interference from new perceptual input. Information about simple stimuli-colors and orientations-is encoded into working memory rapidly: In under 100 ms, working memory ‟fills up," revealing a stark capacity limit. However, for real-world objects, the same behavioral limits do not hold: With increasing encoding time, people store more real-world objects and do so with more detail. This boost in performance for real-world objects is generally assumed to reflect the use of a separate episodic long-term memory system, rather than working memory. Here we show that this behavioral increase in capacity with real-world objects is not solely due to the use of separate episodic long-term memory systems. In particular, we show that this increase is a result of active storage in working memory, as shown by directly measuring neural activity during the delay period of a working memory task using EEG. These data challenge fixed-capacity working memory models and demonstrate that working memory and its capacity limitations are dependent upon our existing knowledge.
@article{brady2016working,
title = {Working memory is not fixed-capacity: More active storage capacity for real-world objects than for simple stimuli},
author = {Timothy F. Brady and Viola S. Störmer and George A. Alvarez},
year = {2016},
journal = {Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences},
publisher = {National Academy of Sciences},
volume = {113},
number = {27},
pages = {7459--7464},
doi = {10.1073/pnas.1520027113},
}