Communicating sequential processes

The work

AuthorsC. A. R. Hoare
Typearticle
Year1978
Citekeyhoare1978communicating

Where it appeared

Published inCommunications of the ACM
PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery
Volume21
Issue8
Pages666--677

Identifiers

DOI10.1145/359576.359585
OpenAlexW4211008702

Abstract

This paper suggests that input and output are basic primitives of programming and that parallel composition of communicating sequential processes is a fundamental program structuring method. When combined with a development of Dijkstra's guarded command, these concepts are surprisingly versatile. Their use is illustrated by sample solutions of a variety of a familiar programming exercises.

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Added2026-08-05 00:00 UTC
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Cite it as

@article{hoare1978communicating,
  title        = {Communicating sequential processes},
  author       = {C. A. R. Hoare},
  year         = {1978},
  journal      = {Communications of the ACM},
  volume       = {21},
  number       = {8},
  pages        = {666--677},
  publisher    = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  doi          = {10.1145/359576.359585},
}

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