Christoph Lenzen

A grouping.

Christoph Lenzen, formerly of the Max Planck Institute for Informatics and now at CISPA. Eight records. Where fugger comes at the boolean abstraction from below, asking whether a binary model can be faithful to a waveform, Lenzen's work in this corpus comes at metastability from above: take marino1981general as given, and ask what can still be computed.

**The containment programme.** friedrichs2018metastabilitycontaining is the anchor -- metastability cannot be avoided, resolved or detected, so mask it logically and let the output be correct anyway. bund2019optimal does metastability-containing sorting by parallel prefix computation; bund2026codes is the one member of the whole line that changes the **data representation** rather than the circuit model, choosing codes so that the encoding does not amplify the uncertainty already present. bund2020synchronizerfree removes the synchroniser from a link controller outright, and tarawneh2017metastability takes the weaker position: let the corruption into the datapath and confine it, buying latency at a stated failure probability.

**The voltage-droop work**, which is the same instinct applied to a different physical nuisance: fugger2022fast adapts clock frequency to tolerate droop, srinivas2025latch is a latch-based design for fast droop response, and srinivas2026experimental is its experimental verification. Here the enemy is not an undecidable value but a supply that sags when the load changes, and the answer is again to build something that survives the event rather than to prevent it.

**The thread through both.** Every one of these records accepts a physical impossibility as a premise and asks what remains constructible. That is a different intellectual posture from most of this corpus, which more often argues about which model to reason in. It also produces unusually crisp results: a sorting network that contains metastability, a code that does not amplify it, a link that needs no synchroniser.

Johannes Bund appears on four of the eight and Matthias Függer on three; the collaboration is close enough that several of these records could sit in either person's set, and do.