This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind.
Jeannette M. Wing
A grouping.
What a formal method is, who it is for, and whether it pays: the CMU technical reports 'What is a Formal Method?' and the retitled report behind the 1990 IEEE Computer article, held as a supersession chain in which the corpus has the two reports as documents and the article only as a record. The other two records are collaborations that are each the citable form of their subject -- behavioural subtyping with Liskov, and the ACM Computing Surveys piece on formal methods with Clarke. Both reports carry the same DARPA funding line, ARPA Order 4976 under contract F33615-87-C-1499 with NSF CCR-8620027.
4 references
Formal methods: State of the art and future directions
Edmund M. Clarke and others (1996) · ACM Computing Surveys · Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
A behavioral notion of subtyping
Barbara H. Liskov and others (1994) · ACM Transactions on Programming Languages and Systems · Association for Computing Machinery
A specifier's introduction to formal methods
Jeannette M. Wing (1990) · Computer · IEEE Computer Society
What is a Formal Method?
Jeannette M. Wing (1989) · School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University