What is a Formal Method?

The work

AuthorsJeannette M. Wing
Editors
Typetechreport
Year1989
Citekeywing1989what

Where it appeared

PublisherSchool of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University
Number in seriesCMU-CS-89-200

Settled

ContainerA Carnegie Mellon technical report is not published inside a container. The issuing body is on the record as the institution -- School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University -- and the report is identified by its number, CMU-CS-89-200, printed on its title page. Volume, issue, isbn and issn are empty for the same reason: a technical report series is numbered, not volumed, and carries no serial identifier.
PagesSelf-paginated 1 to 24 with no host publication to take an extent from; the copy is 24 pages and the record's institution and number identify it. See the reason on container.

Related

Superseded bywing1990specifiers Stated on the copy of wing1990specifiers, which is the technical report CMU-CS-90-136: "This TR supersedes CMU-CS-TR-89-200, 'What is a Formal Method?'". CMU-CS-89-200 is wing1989what.

Abstract

A formal method is a mathematically-based technique used in Computer Science to describe properties of hardware and/or software systems. It provides a framework within which large, complex systems may be specified, developed, and verified in a systematic rather than ad hoc manner. A method is formal if it has a sound mathematical basis, typically given by a formal specification language. A formal method is only a method, rather than an isolated mathematical entity in itself, because of a number of pragmatic considerations: who uses it, what it is used for, when it is used, and how it is used. This paper elaborates on what makes up a formal method and compares six different well-known formal methods, three used to specify abstract data types and three used to specify properties of concurrent and distributed systems.

A copy is held

pdf, 1.3 MB. Not published — it may be under copyright. The facts and links here are.

How it got here

How it got hereagent via bibtex
Added2026-09-03 07:16 UTC
Approved bya person 2026-09-04 18:18 UTC

Cite it as

@techreport{wing1989what,
  title        = {What is a Formal Method?},
  author       = {Jeannette M. Wing},
  year         = {1989},
  publisher    = {School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University},
}

This record lives at https://refs.drheap.org/wing1989what/ and will keep doing so.