A Mathematical Theory of Communication

The work

AuthorsClaude E. Shannon
Editors
Typearticle
Year1948
Citekeyshannon1948mathematical

Where it appeared

Published inBell System Technical Journal
PublisherIEEE
Volume27
Issue3
Pages379--423

Identifiers

DOI10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x
OpenAlexW2041404167

Access

Landing pagehttps://doi.org/10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb00917.x
Free full texthttp://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-001M-0000-002C-4317-B

Empty on purpose

abstract

Related

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A copy is held

pdf, 357.7 kB. Not published — it may be under copyright. The facts and links here are.

How it got here

How it got hereagent via openalex
Added2026-08-04 00:00 UTC
Approved bya person 2026-08-22 13:13 UTC

Filed under

lectures shannon the-copy-is-not-the-work what-a-channel-can-carry

Cite it as

@article{shannon1948mathematical,
  title        = {A Mathematical Theory of Communication},
  author       = {Claude E. Shannon},
  year         = {1948},
  journal      = {Bell System Technical Journal},
  publisher    = {IEEE},
  volume       = {27},
  number       = {3},
  pages        = {379--423},
  doi          = {10.1002/j.1538-7305.1948.tb01338.x},
}

This record lives at https://refs.drheap.org/shannon1948mathematical/ and will keep doing so.