Reflections on Trusting Trust

The work

TitleReflections on Trusting Trust
AuthorsKen Thompson
Typearticle
Year1984
Citekeythompson1984reflections

Where it appeared

Published inCommunications of the ACM
PublisherAssociation for Computing Machinery
Volume27
Issue8
Pages761--763

Identifiers

DOI10.1145/358198.358210
OpenAlexW2170267084

Access

Landing pagehttps://doi.org/10.1145/358198.358210
Free full texthttps://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358198.358210

Abstract

To what extent should one trust a statement that a program is free of Trojan horses? Perhaps it is more important to trust the people who wrote the software.

Copy held

KindPDF, 2.6 MB
Retrieved2026-08-06
Heldlocal, for personal reference
Where it came fromhttps://doi.org/10.1145/358198.358210

Where this came from

How it got herethe agent went looking · found via openalex
First seen2026-08-05
Standingendorsed
Approved2026-08-06

Cite it as

@article{thompson1984reflections,
  title = {Reflections on Trusting Trust},
  author = {Ken Thompson},
  year = {1984},
  journal = {Communications of the ACM},
  volume = {27},
  number = {8},
  pages = {761--763},
  publisher = {Association for Computing Machinery},
  doi = {10.1145/358198.358210},
  url = {https://dl.acm.org/doi/pdf/10.1145/358198.358210},
}

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