By topic

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Absorb or recover

Absorbing a shock and recovering from one are different capabilities; optimising for either misallocates against the other. Works from several fields reaching that independently. Membership: the trade-off itself is the argument.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. After the shared exponential

What computing does once the shared improvement stops: proposals for where gains come next (layers above the device, specialised architectures, new models) and arguments that they are gone. Members sort by their answer.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Agreement is bought with assumptions

Whether processes can agree, and what must be assumed first: consensus bounds with their conditions and the impossibility results. Membership: the assumptions are the subject; an algorithm that merely agrees belongs elsewhere.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Aliasing before separation logic

Answers to the aliasing problem given before separation logic, in the order they were tried. Membership: the work predates separation logic and addresses aliasing directly.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Angels and demons

Angelic and demonic nondeterminism as one construct with opposite polarity. Membership: both polarities in play; a calculus with only demonic choice belongs in the refinement sets.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Asked twice in 26 years

Whether networks make democracy more participatory, asked under one title 26 years apart, with the work explaining why the answer changed. Membership: bears on that change, not on participation generally.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Attacks below the instruction set

Attacks below the instruction set (side channels, fault injection, speculative leaks, memory disturbance) on correct implementations, plus the work that hunts them: UPEC, information flow, fuzzing.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Attacks on interdomain routing

BGP believes what it is told: hijacks, route leaks, the protocol features that allow them and the defences proposed. Operator-caused cases belong here too, since the effect from outside is the same.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Between the wire and the packet

Medium access and framing, from cable through bridged LANs to radio and satellite: turning a shared medium into orderly packets. Membership: the medium's constraints are the subject.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Consistency is several questions

Consistency proofs for arithmetic and the arguments over what they establish: in what system, by what means, for whose demand. Membership: bears on what a consistency proof is worth.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Cyberspace as terrain

Military vocabulary applied to networks (key terrain, gray zone, kill chain) in doctrine, war-college writing and research. Asks how much of each concept survives the move; record types do not separate doctrine from scholarship.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Derived, not checked

Circuits built out of the proof rather than verified afterwards, so correctness comes from how they were made. Membership: the derivation is the contribution; verifying a synthesised design belongs elsewhere.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Do formal methods pay off?

Fifty years of asking whether proof repays its cost, mostly answering no: case studies, industrial audits, surveys and the computer-assisted-proof debate. Membership: argues about the payoff, not merely applies a method.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Facts nobody disputes

The 1944 argument over area bombing of German cities between people who agreed on the facts: Brittain's pamphlet, the replies, and Zanetti's 1936 case. About what follows from uncontested evidence.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Fooling the analyst

Software obfuscation and the automated analyses that undo it: virtualisation, opaque predicates and mixed Boolean-arithmetic against symbolic execution and simplifiers. Membership: an obfuscation, or an attack on one.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. From the transistor to the end of scaling

The transistor, the IC and the scaling rules (Moore, Dennard), the arguments over where scaling stops, and the physical floors it meets. Many members are citations only: a bibliography, not a reading list.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. How far it actually travelled

How false claims move and how much of the traffic they are: prevalence measurements and diffusion studies. Membership: an empirical claim about spread; why people believe belongs in the belief sets.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. How many values

How many logic values a hardware model admits, and why the count keeps moving. The counts predate this set: ternary hazard algebra 1964, four-state MOS simulation 1981. From 1984 these records choose among them for proof, not simulation.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. How the chip is actually made

Fabrication from lithography through etch, process control and yield. Membership: the process, not the device. Mostly video explainers: reliable for mechanism and order, not to be cited for numbers.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Intention is not use

Technology-acceptance research that measures stated intention by survey in place of observed use, and the reviews criticising it for that. Membership: the intention-use gap is at issue.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Laying out the disk

File-system layouts in sequence, each optimal for its decade's hardware until the hardware changed. Membership: the on-disk arrangement is the subject, not the interface above it.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Light as the carrier

What fibre or an on-die waveguide can carry, from Kao's 1966 loss argument through deployed fibre systems to photonic interconnect. The recurring dispute: capacity from speed or from parallelism, at what integration cost.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Memory a program does not have

Virtual memory as a theory of program behaviour: what a process needs next and the cost of guessing wrong, with retrospectives. Membership: the behaviour model, not the addressing mechanism.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Models of arithmetic

Non-standard models of arithmetic by three routes: initial segments, inconsistent models, weakened induction. Membership: constructs or characterises such a model, not merely proves an independence.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. More states per device

More than two states per device and what it costs: multi-valued logic designs read against Setun, the 1959 ternary machine that was built and abandoned. Material science belongs in the fabrication sets.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Networks that fly

Aerial and swarm networking, where coverage and connectivity are one trade-off: the further a swarm spreads, the worse its links. Search-and-rescue is here as the application that forces it.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Open hardware

Whether a chip's design and supply chain should be open: arguments from security, verifiability and economics that reach different conclusions. Membership: argues about openness itself, not merely describes an open design.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Origins of the Internet

Where the Internet came from and what it answered: founding network papers beside the alternatives they displaced (air defence, the telephone system, losing packet proposals), and later histories.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Over approximate or under

Program logics that vary which end of the approximation is fixed: Hoare (proving bad states absent), incorrectness logic (proving them present), and their separation-logic variants. Membership: the direction is the point.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Performance against isolation

Operating systems caught between speed and isolation: every performance feature is a shared resource, every unpartitioned shared resource a channel. From 1960s capabilities to microarchitectural leakage.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Proved here, used there

Proofs are about descriptions, not artefacts. Works where carrying a claim from one description to another (netlist, state machine, logic term) is the subject. Membership: two descriptions and what transfers between them.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Quantum between lab and threat

Quantum technology between demonstration and claimed threat: deployment experiments, cryptographic threat assessments, migration guidance. Membership: takes a position on readiness or timing.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Quantum light on a chip

Photonic quantum information processed inside integrated circuits: photon-pair sources, gates, walks and programmable processors on a chip. Membership: the quantum optical circuit itself is integrated.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Relatively complete, and no better

What program logics can and cannot prove, from Turing's 1949 assertions through Cook's relative completeness to higher-order logics where it breaks down. Membership: bears on the completeness question itself.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Run it or count it

Testing (run it to find errors) beside software metrics (count and predict), so their disagreement shows. The recurring complaint: the measures count size, which the earliest member says is the wrong thing to count.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Second order or set theory

Whether second-order logic is a foundation or set theory in disguise, and what categoricity costs. Reaches computing because separation logic's spatial conjunction is equivalent to second-order logic.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Separation logic

Reasoning about the heap when pointers may alias: the logic, its BI foundations, decidability and automation, especially the separating implication. Works it argues with, such as linear logic, sit here as antecedents.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Simple to state, and unsettled

The Collatz conjecture and what a field does with a problem it cannot close: computation, partial results, reformulation, accounts of resistance. Membership: a response of a distinct kind.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. State space, not proof

Model checking: verification by searching a system's states rather than deriving its properties, from temporal logic through the explicit, BDD-based and SAT-based algorithms and the tools that run them. Membership: the method is model checking.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The approximate number sense

Perceiving how many without counting: whether numerosity is sensed directly or read off density and size, its acuity across species and ages, and whether it predicts mathematics. Membership: a claim about that sense.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The audience was already there

Explanations of belief that locate the cause in what the audience already held (myth, grievance, prior belief) rather than in the message. Membership: the explanation rests on the receiver.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The axioms before Peano

Where the Peano axioms came from: the 19th-century originals by Grassmann, Frege, Dedekind and Peano in their own languages, with notation sources. A priority dispute, so membership requires the original text.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The chip you did not fabricate

US government documents making microelectronics assurance a procurement requirement, with levels stated as adversary economics. Membership: the document sets a requirement rather than analysing one.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The code you did not write

The software supply chain after SolarWinds and Log4j: attack surveys, guidance on judging dependencies, and instruments making it binding. Membership: treats code you did not write as the exposure.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The control plane, removed

Lifting the control plane out of packet-forwarding boxes: the argument that policy and mechanism were tangled, the architectures separating them, and what a switch no longer keeps. Membership: the separation is the subject.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The copy is not the work

Records whose held file is a different document from the work: a preprint, report or reprint for the published version, or a whole volume for one item. Decided by opening the file and comparing extents.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The cost is in forgetting

Computing need not cost energy; erasing does. Landauer's bound, Bennett's reversible computation, the measurement of the limit, and work applying it to machines. Membership: the thermodynamic cost of information.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The cost is in the translation

Restating a chip in a language a proof tool can hold: semantics, mappings and translators for real HDLs, taken again and again since 1992. Membership: the translation is the contribution or an acknowledged prerequisite.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The damage the metrics miss

Claims that a system's damage falls where its own instruments cannot see (attention, belief, work, democracy), and the arguments against. Membership: the harm is argued as unmeasurable by the system causing it.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The designer's own account

A language's designer explaining how it came to be, chiefly from the History of Programming Languages conferences. Membership: the author designed the thing described.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The discipline stops at the edge

Timing disciplines hold inside a block and are surrendered where blocks meet. Membership: the boundary is where the concession is made or the failure occurs. Still missing: assume-guarantee reasoning applied to a circuit.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The earlier statement that did not travel

Results published correctly years before the work everyone credits, held in pairs with the one that travelled. Membership: the corpus holds both documents, so priority can be checked.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The effectiveness question

Why mathematics invented for its own reasons fits the world: the papers answering Wigner's question, each answering the last. Membership: argues about the fit itself.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The experiment and its notices

The Facebook emotional-contagion experiment, its journal's expression of concern and the correspondence. The manipulation worked; the set is about consent, and members must bear on that dispute.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The generation that was argued with

5G as a public argument rather than a radio technology: the roadmap, the conspiracy theory tracked across a network, adoption studies and policy assessments.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The observer has a capacity

How many things a person can apprehend at once and what sets the limit, from Jevons (1871) to working-memory research. Held here because the modern answer is a capacity argument like those about channels.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The observer in the system

Second-order cybernetics: putting the observer inside the observed system. Position papers, its origin volume, and applications, including those denying it applies (Fuchs on the Internet).

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The program and its proof

Algorithms held beside the papers proving them correct, so the program can be read next to its reasoning. Membership: the corpus holds both halves.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The rare shared example

Cases where one artefact was verified more than once, so formalisms can be compared on something fixed. Membership: the corpus can see the comparison, through two records on one artefact or one record comparing methods.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The same function, twice

Equivalence checking: proving two descriptions of a device compute the same function. Membership: the claim is an equality between descriptions; proving a property belongs in the model-checking or program-logic sets.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The secret in the silicon

Physical unclonable functions and the attacks on them: a key derived on demand from manufacturing variation, so nothing is stored to read out. Membership: the secret comes from physical variation.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The software crisis

The 1968 Garmisch and 1969 Rome NATO reports that named the software crisis, with participants' retrospectives. Membership: of or about those two meetings.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The switch or the curve

A transistor is a switch for proof and a current-voltage curve in silicon. Works that choose between those models and pay for the choice. Membership: commits to how much device physics a correctness argument admits.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The system is the amplifier

Systems where a small disturbance is multiplied by the mechanism that makes them work (feedback, convergence, replication, settlement). Membership: the amplification comes from the working mechanism, not a fault.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. The upper layers as deployed

Transport, naming and encryption as they actually run: measurements and retrospectives where deployment diverges from specification. Membership: that gap is the finding.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Trust you did not create yourself

Where trust in a running system comes from when reading the source is not enough: Thompson's compiler attack and the supply-chain attacks and defences (provenance, attestation, reproducible builds) that followed.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Verified memory management

Machine-checked proofs of kernel memory management, the memory models they stand on, and what they leave out. Membership: the proof reaches memory management specifically.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Verifying real Java

Deductive verification of production Java, chiefly OpenJDK library code, with the specification and tooling it needs. Membership: the target is shipped code, not an example written to be verified.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What a channel can carry

Channel capacity and why noise limits it: Shannon 1948 as the subject, Nyquist and Hartley as the noiseless bounds before it, later work built on it. Membership: the capacity of the channel itself.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What a process may share

What concurrent processes may share and what keeps sharing honest: semaphores, monitors and message passing, and proof rules tracking ownership. Membership: about the sharing discipline itself.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What a program means

Semantic traditions that translate a program into something understood (a function, logic, abstract machine, algebra or type), and their disagreement over which may be assumed.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What data is

What data is, asked as a live question in the years before the answer everyone now uses. Collects that exchange and its resolution, each paper answering the last by name. Membership requires the work to argue the definition rather than assume it.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What one proves with

The tools proofs are done with: proof assistants, theorem provers, VC generators, decision procedures, logic libraries. Membership: about the tool, not a result obtained with it; renamed tools (Coq/Rocq) count once.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What one survey section teaches model checking from

A reading path for model checking: exactly the works cited in section 6 of halpern2001unusual, in the order the field built them. That section is on semiconductor verification, not a general history.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What security means

Attempts to say what the field is and what it protects. Collects the definitional papers, including those arguing that the standard triad is too narrow. Membership requires the work to argue about the definition rather than to apply one.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What the designer can do alone

Countermeasures against an untrusted foundry that need nothing from it: locking, watermarking and obfuscation carried in the design. Membership: the defence needs no foundry cooperation.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What the threat is said to be

Accounts of what threatens critical infrastructure from different source types (advisory, think tank, textbook, measurement), grouped not reconciled. Membership: asserts what the threat is.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. What to give up to teach it

Arguments for fitting a hard subject into a curriculum, each naming what it gives up: which course, which logic, which half of the field. Membership: states the sacrifice.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. When software kills

Safety-critical failures: accidents, official responses and evidence of their adoption, including awkward cases that resist the usual lesson. Membership: software implicated in physical harm.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Where the guarantee stopped

Sound guarantees that failed because the fault arrived exactly where they stopped. Membership: the guarantee held on its own terms; a broken implementation belongs elsewhere.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Where the wires go

Physical design, where wires rather than gates decide the outcome: Rent's rule, interconnect delay, and the placement, routing and packaging that follow. Membership: the wires are the constraint.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Which material holds the light

Photonic integrated circuits argued platform by platform: lithium niobate, silicon nitride, indium phosphide, GaAs, laser-written glass. Membership: argues for, characterises or compares a material platform for on-chip optics.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who carries the guarantee

Whether reliability belongs inside the network or at its ends: ARPANET's subnet versus CYCLADES, the end-to-end argument, what was built after, and tests of the answer where no end-to-end path exists.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who checks the checker

Verifying the verification machinery itself: provers, checkers, solver algorithms, composition frameworks. Membership: the machinery is the object verified, not the instrument.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who is the logic for

Designs for a logic settled by naming who will use it -- a machine, a student, an engineer. Collects the papers that justify a logic's shape by its intended user. Membership requires the user to be the stated reason for a design choice.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who paid for the foundations

Works whose held copy prints a defence or nuclear funder (Project MAC, ARPA, ONR, AFOSR, AEC) on its title page or acknowledgements. Membership is established by opening the file, never from a catalogue.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who the Internet depends on

Measurements of where traffic actually goes and how few places carry it: exchange points, route servers, transit concentration, chokepoints. Arguments about an adversary's capability belong in the attack sets.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Who you are talking to

Authentication and key-agreement protocols, the attacks that broke them years later, and the logics meant to settle such questions. Membership: bears on whether a protocol is correct, not merely specifies one.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. Why program this way

Position papers prescribing how to write, structure or decompose programs, and why. Membership: a prescription; a semantics or proof method belongs in the sets about meaning.

What is this? This description was written by a machine and published without a person checking it. It is what the agent made of this grouping, and not a statement anybody has stood behind. You cannot patch silicon

Hardware verification argued from irreversibility: a fabricated error cannot be patched, so a respin's cost changes verification economics. Membership: rests on that premise, whatever the method.